(Transcribe by Alexandria & Kathy) >> Dean Lanham: Good evening to all and thank you for being here. I'm surrounded, I feel like we're in theater around here, which is great. It is a pleasure to see you all here for the conclusion of the symposium of Ancient Greece. We started on October the third, it was a bright, warm day. Everyone was coming in from the sun, playing frisbee and whatever, and it looks like winter is closing in upon us, but it's been a wonderful education in the thirty something activities and speakers that we had over the past five weeks. Looking at all aspects, all discipilines of Ancient Greece culture and how they might relate to life today. We have an exciting program for you this evening, but before we get to it, I want to recogizine a special person in the audience. Could be you... I want to ask Sharon Veach Roberts to come forward please because she is the only person not affliated as faculity or staff or student at Eastern, who attended every program at the Ancient Greece series. [Applause] She is one of the new experts on Ancient Greece in the Charleston community and we want to applaud her diligence. She's usually the first one there in the room before the professor gets there or anyone else. Even though, this not hardly the academy of life-long learning. I think you are a perfect example of making use of the resources at the institution. [Applause] Without further adieu, I would ask Dr. Wahby to introduce the professors and the persons who are going to do the great things this evening. I am looking forward to. [Applause] >>Dr. Wahby: Thank you. Well, good evening. >> Audience: Good evening. >> Dr. Wahby: Very good, because I am going to ask you to do something. This part I ask them, I want to ask you to say Ready to Rock! >> Audience: Ready to Rock! >> Dr. Wahby: And you will say, Ready to Roll! >> Audience: Ready to Roll! >> Dr. Wahby: I do go fast sometimes. >> Audience: Ready to Rock! Ready to Roll! Ready to Rock! Ready to Roll! Ready to Roll! Ready to Rock! Ready to Roll! Ready to Rock! [Applause] >> Dr. Wahby: We are not technical here, but not talking wrong technically. This is my friend Luther Rosby. He said we are ready to rock and roll. Stole this from Jordan, I stole this from you... >> Luther Rosby: Plagiarizing! >> Dr. Wahby: Copyrighting! Well, it so good to come to the end of this symposium about Ancient Greece. It has been a dream, thought inside for the whole room. It was shared with speakers and students and they contributed to talk and shared this with my dear friend, Dean Alan Lanham. I always say that he is my second wing, so as two wings this thing is taking off, so please give him a hand. [Applause] Now when I saw that Dean Lahmam symbolizes Booth Library with all its efforts. I see the Beth now, please stand up. If you like this and feel like this is professionally done she is behind it. ANd there are lots in the office and the Library, and video services, please stand up. You know that there are video tapes, not only us, but thirty-two sessions the forty speakers who participated are faithfully video taped, thanks to Wes. Please give them a hand. [Applause] When I say Wes I start from Joh Henderson to add fifty grand and all the twelve, sixteen groups and the big group that's working in there. They would work with editing and getting the effects out of the video and do a wonderful job that you will see online, hopefully by February or March, if it takes that long few hours every day to make it look nice. Well, let me ask my chair to say something about the School of Technology. >> Dr. Deborah Woodley: What I will like to talk a little bit about is Wafeek. >> Dr. Wahby: No! >> Dr. Woodley: You gave me the mic. I just wanted to talk to the audience a little bit about what it takes to put this symposium together and this is the second one that he's pulled together. This one started with a conversation with the Greek consulat in Chicago and he just walked in and said, "By the way I'd like to do this; could you come down and be our honored speaker", and she agreed. That's how Wafeek gets things done. >> Dr. Wahby: No, arm twisting. >> Dr. Woodley: And a little arm twisting. It's the second symposium and he has done a wonderful job putting the speakers together and I want to thank Dean Lanham for all his support it couldn't be done without the library so between Wafeek and the library its phenomenal, thank you. [Applause] >> Dr. Wahby: Thank you very much. You see how comfortable of the chair she is, very comfortable chair. Although she doesn't say what we agreed to all the time. Anything doesn't go without music, how about that. Who does not like music? Someone said that music is a divine listening from the heavens to the earth. Thank you very much for bringing music this afternoon. Dr. Corey Francis is graciously giving all these guys and girls to give us some music. Just five minutes until we start. Now I get to know my good friend, by the way the wat everybody, where is Bec Cruse? She is hiding behind the camera. You can't see her, she is always behind the camera. She faithfully documented the forty speakers and the fifty-two sessions. Please remind me if I forgot somebody. Yes, that will come very soon because you did it less than two years ago. This is my friend here Mr. Rosspies that gives us the rock and the roll promise. I came to know him, but what happened the idea of collegiate in Egypt [unclear dialogue] symposium was new I couldn't tell my chair, assisant chair or anybody. [Unclear dialogue] She was one of them, she remembered. Usually I'll go and ask her the full, [unclear dialogue] and she gives me permission to use it with my students. As soon as it went into [unclear dialogue] I said no. I told her about the symposium and the look in her eyes and the spark. Wow! I was impressed and she said we are behind it and she has a good deed. Let me start with the deed, what can you tell us about your area, your people tonight, this year. Please come down. [Applause] >> Woman speaking: He didn't tell me I had to talk tonight. I am not going to talk about them I am just going to talk about the program. We're excited to be here kinesiology and sports studies is one of the departments in the College of Education and Professional Studies. We're proud to participate in this and if it is anything like last year it would be excellent and we're looking forward to not only our music portion to the program, but other portions as well. I'm glad to see you all out here and I think you will have a great time, if you weren't here last year you're in for a real treat. So, thanks. [Applause] >> Womanspeaking: The Department of Kinesiology and Sports Studies is very excited for once again get to be the finale for the Ancient Greece symposium. When Dr. Wahby asked if we would be able to do it again, I was like, I would have been really upset have you not asked us. Anyway, we have several faculty here from the department of Kinesiology and Sports Studies. Would you please stand because you help support Dr. Ronspies and the department. [Applause] And Dr. Ronspies is really excited he did a wonderful job for us the last time, of course, we asked him to do it again. He graciously agreed. Dr. Hussey's methods students, stand up, you're the one that is going to be rocking and rolling tonight. [Applause] So, anyway, we're really excited that everybody is here. We are so happy to be a part of it again and we thank you Dr. Wahby. [Applause] >>Dr. Wahby: Without you this meeting wouldn't be anything. Thank you all for coming and I wouldn't asked you to give a hand to [unclear dialogue] ,but I ask you to give a hand to the musicians and the conductor, who would just fire us up. [Applause] [Band plays] >> Dr. Ronspies: Let's get the band a round of applause. Alright, hey, we're back year number two already. Last year, it seem like it was just yesterday we did this and now we're back for year two. Another country, last year was Egypt, this year now is Greece. For those of you that still don't know who I am, I am Dr. Ronspies, I am Kinesiology and Sports Studies Department. And before we get started here, we get ready to rock and roll, I've got a few little things to hand out, and then ladies, I am telling you, I am going to make your knees shake here in a second. Because I have got a treat for you that is going to make you scream. Before I get started, I can't wait to see the looks on your faces. So, hopefully you are ready. But with that said, on behalf of Dean Jackman and the College of Education, and Professional Studies, and Dr. Jill Owen from Kinesiology and Sports Studies, myself, the faculty, and all of our wonderful students, I've got two certificates to hand out, one to Dr. Lanham, and second one to Dr. Wahby for everything that they have done, let's give both of these gentlemen a round of applause. [Applause] Thank you gentlemen for everything. We appreciate it, appreciate it, thank you. Without these two, none of this would be possible. Thanks again, Wes, Pete grant, John Looby, everybody that helped get this going. Thank you for everything. So, with that said, we are going to tonight talk about ancient Greek sports and dance, and I promise you, if you were forced to be here because you are needing extra credit, or you didn’t have anything to do, I guarantee you I'll make this the best 30 minutes of your life. I promise you, but before we get started, like any sport event, we've got to do the National Anthem, and ladies, here it is, the moment you have been waiting for, your knees are going to shake, you are going to be screaming like it's Elvis, ok? Gentlemen, come on out, I've got three gentlemen here, I've got Quinn Hussey, I've got his brother, Shawn, and I've got their friend Ethan, and they are going to sing for us the National Anthem before we get started, so if everybody wants to stand up, if you wish, we'll go ahead and do that now. >> Men Singing: Oh, say, can you see, by the dawn's early light, What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming? Whose broad stripes and bright stars, thro' the perilous fight, O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming? And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof thro' the night that our flag was still there. O say, does that Star-Spangled Banner yet wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave? [Applause] >> Dr. Ronspies: Give them another round of applause! [Applause] I told you your knees would be shaking look mine are still shaking. All right, let's get ready to roll here. The moment you've been waiting for, ancient Greek sports and dance. One thing I want you to remember tonight, just like last year is I want you to look for things in the past that are similar to what we do now. You are gong to see a lot of similarities in not only the way they did things, but in the way we still do things. And unfortunately, folks, well, maybe it is fortunate for you, I guess, to keep in tradition with ancient Greeks, as you know, they performed all Olympic events in the nude. Unfortunately I can't perform in the nude tonight for you, because I would be fired. Ok? So, most of you wouldn't want to see that anyway, so I got to wear clothes for this event, so I apologize for that. Is that all right? All right, let's take a look at the timeline that we are facing here, because one, the first recorded Olympics we think we in 776 BC, now this was the first recorded Olympics, they think that they happened much earlier, but the first recorded Olympics was 776 BC. All the Olympics no matter where they were performed, what year, etc., they were all in honor of the god Zeus. He was the father of the gods. The Olympics was a religious festival, that's what they were, it wasn't about sports, it wasn't about anything, it was a festival to honor Zeus. That's what the Olympics were all about. Now obviously that's changed a little bit today. For any of you that know any Greek people, if you have Greek friends, etc., individual excellence is very important to them. This was a chance for them to show off all the hard work that they had done. Their bodies were something that they really appreciated; they wanted to show these bodies to people. Hey, not much different than us today sometimes too, if we go down to spring break, or if we go to the beach, or when I go to Cancun here at Christmas time, there's going to be people down there, showing their bodies off too, so we are not much different than they were. That was a big deal to them. As you know, just like today, still, the Olympics are held every four years. That's what’s called an Olympiad. That was a way of measuring time for them, as well. They held true to that same philosophy. The Olympics were held every four years. And they were always held in one location. Does anybody know where that was? Does anybody know the place where the Olympics were always held? The town was called Olympia. That's where they were always held. Ok? The reason why they ended was because when Christianity came, that was one reason why the Olympics ended, and secondly there was a big earthquake, and it destroyed all the facilities in Olympia. All right. If you look here at the timeline that I have for you, it gives you, I am not going to go down every one of them, but it gives you kind of a time line of when the Olympics took place, and what events were prominent at that time. The first Olympics had just one event. It was just a running race; it's called a stadement. A stade is roughly about 200 meters, 192 -200 meters. That was the only event. Just one running race, and as you know today, how many of you watched the Olympics this summer a little bit? When you watched track and field, what is the most decorated event, still, to this day in my opinion, is the 100-meter dash, for the men. It is still one of the most dominant ones that everyone wants to see. It was no different in these times, as well. Ladies, I hate to tell you this, but unfortunately you are not allowed to compete in the Olympics at that time. It was only for men. Ok? Also, ladies, you were not allowed to also have any part of being into the stadium at all. You were not allowed in unless you were an unmarried woman, and I will talk about that later. But as you see here, here is just a list of some of the common events, and as you see, some of those are very similar to what we recognize today. They had boxing, they had wrestling, they had chariot races, which obviously we don't have any more, but we do have horse events, still in the Olympics where people will ride horses, jump over different apparatuses, and so forth. So there's just a list of the events that were very common in the Olympics at this time. Here's a picture of Olympia. This is the site where the Olympics took place, and as you see, especially for us in physical education, you are going to recognize some names. Here are some of the name of the buildings, some of the altars, and so forth. As you see, remember a stade was 200 meters. When you think of the word stade or a stadium, what common word do we use nowadays to get the name of the venue where the event takes place? It's a stadium, this is where it comes. This is where that word comes from, and as you'll see here, you can look at either screen, the stadium was over here on the right, and notice it is much different than our nowadays. Ours are oval shaped, these were straight squares. And you'll see here in a second when the students come out, when they demonstrate events, they did not run around in circles. They ran in straight lines. You'll see the gymnasium over here on the left side of the screen, over here as well, it's not, it's just a rectangular building, it's not oval, there’s no circles, tracks to it nothing like nowadays. If you look here, you'll see a building called the palaestra. A palaestra is a wrestling school. For those of you in physical education, or us in faculty, you'll know, we still have a journal that we can submit our articles to, that is called palaestra, and it's a journal for adaptive physical education, but in this time, palaestra was a wrestling school. As you see in the center of everything, and Olympia is what? The temple of Zeus. Because this is whom the Olympics were for, in honor of him, all right. So go ahead and take a quick look at Olympia itself, and take a look at the different venues that it has, here is another picture for you as well, so maybe you can see it more clearly. Bathhouses, as you know the Greeks, they loved to take baths, in public, ok a little different than we do nowadays. But once again, there was no concern about being embarrassed about the body. This was a chance for them to show their bodies off. And you'll see when we get into the events how important this was. Here's just a map of ancient Greece, and as you'll see, you can see Olympia way down here in the corner, ok? Right here is where it is at, so you can see some of the athletes had to travel a long ways to get here. So it was a very important event for them. So they were willing to travel long miles, much like our athletes do today. They may have to travel one, two, three hours, to events, if they make playoffs, you may have to travel long ways, no different for these athletes as well. They had to think about these things in terms of their preparation and training and so forth. The Olympics were so popular, folks, at this time, that it spurred a phenomenon, and it's no different than how many of you watch extreme sports? Ok. You’ll see things like the Mountain Dew circuit for skateboarding, and so forth. Well, they had a crown circuit as well. Much like we do today, in various sports. There were four big events, the Pythian games, the Isthmian games, the Nemean games, and the Olympic games. The Olympic games still being the prevalent, the most dominant event. You always wanted to be at that event, but this spurred a transition into having four big major events where athletes could showcase their talents, as was important to them. And as you'll see here o the next slide, you are going to see some of these athletes that really took advantage of these opportunities, much like what we would call today, in modern sport, a dynasty. Maybe like the New England Patriots, the Los Angeles Lakes, the Chicago Bulls, that's what these folks were in that time. They were a dynasty. That was really important to them. As you see, much like today, winners were held in high regard at this time as well. If you won an event, not only were you given an olive wreath as a trophy, but you were glamourized in that society, and in that part of the country. Much like our athletes are today, as well. We all know who Kobe Bryant is. We all know who LeBron James is, even if you don't follow the sport, the names are so common, and prevalent when you watch TV. There's no difference for these folks as well. They had extravagant feasts when they won, spent thousands of dollars on feeding and drinking, and so forth. The best food you could get, folks, this wasn't Taco Bell at midnight, or Chubby Styx, ok? This was good, high quality food. And lots of wine, ok? So for those of you who love to drink wine, this would have been your event. Ok? They have the best food. If you look here at the last bullet, I mean, look at the cost. Ten thousand drachmas, that was in that time, thirty years of working. Look how much money they spent on these people, for just winning events. I mean, jeez, you look at it and you think, boy that's kind of crazy, isn't it? To put that much attention on sports? Are we much different today, though? We hold these people in high regard too, and they make millions of dollars doing their trade, so not much has changed in that respect. If you look on the right side here, you'll see some notable names. You notice the guy on the, folks this guy on the top, he was a stud, ok? This would be like the Shawn Hussey of Charleston High School, right there, OK? This guy was the first winner of the Stade at the first Olympics. Ok? He was the first winner. So, obviously he was held in high regard. Theogenes, the second gentlemen, he won over 1300 times in the Olympics. He was regarded as probably the best athlete ever at the time. Now this second guy, I don't know, you might see it sometimes spelled Milon, as well, this guy was a wrestler. And this guy had brutal strength. He one time, as legend has it, picked up a heifer, which is a female cow, he carried it around Olympia, running around, he set the heifer on the ground, he punched it and killed it, and he ate the whole thing in one day. Then, he saw a tree, and it was split in half, so he stuck his hand in it to try to tear it open, and break it apart, but his hand got caught in the tree, and a pack of wolves ate him, and killed him. Ok? This guy was majorly strong. He could hold a piece of fruit in hand, and without squeezing it, and crush it, he would have people try to tear it out of his hand. And he was so strong, he could hold it in his hand without tearing up the fruit, but nobody could get it out of his hand. Now folks, these are obviously just tales, and legend but that's pretty impressive, don't you think? The last two gentlemen were awesome boxers, Ok? There was also an event at the time, called the Pancroteon. It was a combination of wrestling and boxing both. It was a very brutal sport. And these two gentlemen below were the best at that trait. They were amazing boxers. The best boxers ever. So these are some names that you may come across, if you are looking at any kind of ancient Greek sports, and so forth, these are some of the most common winners, and names that you are going to come across. All right, to the athlete, much like today. The athlete held in high regard, and they even had a definition for an athlete. It was one who competed for a prize. But unfortunately folks, only certain men could participate. You had to be free, you couldn't be a slave, or anything of that nature, and you had to have spoken the Greek language. That was the criteria to be in the Olympics. All right. Well, here it is, folks, the moment you have been waiting for, as you see, all the events were don naked, ok? That's just how it was. There was no shame in the body. This was a chance for them to showcase all the hard work that they had done before the Olympic event. It was a chance for them to showcase the body. They weren't ashamed at all of the way that they looked. Now, here's the neat thing, especially for us in Physical Education/Kinesiology, they word gymnos means naked. The word gymnasium which we still use today, some people call it gym teacher, ok, some people say hey I'm going to the gym to work out, well, in this time, a gym was a place where you did things naked. Ok? Now they just didn't go to the gym just to work out. There were scholars there that were talking about different things like medicine and fitness, there were PE Teachers there to train people, coaches, etc., so the gym was a little bit different than what we know it today. But, as I would argue, it was a social gathering place for them then, and don't kid yourself folks, the gym is still a social gathering for most of us now. It's a great place to meet people, ok? And some of us use the gym for that purpose. It hasn't changed at all. As you see, just like with our Olympians today, massaging was a very important part of their training, because they were sore, they were out in the sun all day, so getting a nice massage was a good way to get the muscles ready to train or compete again. Once again, as you see, they loved to show off their bodies, so they would cover their whole body in olive oil, so it was shiny in the sunshine. So, it would show off all their big muscles, and all their definition, so that when they competed, it was also a way to intimidate the opponent. One of the big roles of the coach was not only to coach the athletes, but he was also a masseuse as well. So massages were very critical at the time. Now if you were a wrestler in this age, you also used oil, too, to get your body ready, but then you also used a special powder, so that your opponent could grab on to you, when you were wrestling. It was out of courtesy that they did this. And when the event was done, they took a tool, it is similar to like a sickle that we know today, that can kind of cut weeds, or cut grass, kind of like one of those little half moon kind of a hook, this was called a strygle, and the strygle was used to remove the excess oil and the powder and all the dust and the grime off the body, because it was so sacred, that they wanted it to remain beautiful when they were done training. What do you think is another reason they put olive oil all over their skin while they were training? Because the sun was so bright and so hot, it protected their skin. Remember folks, they are doing all of this naked. Ok, they are training naked, they are competing in the Olympics naked, they have to protect the body, and the oil did that as well. So it served multiple purposes. Pretty interesting. All right, it's about the competition time; we are about ready to come out and show you some events. This is where now, how many of you are here in athletic training majors? Ok. Sports Medicine, etc.? All right. This is where this perfection now became known to us today. Athletic training and medicine were held in high regard. They had doctors as well for injuries. They had intellects that knew things about nutrition, and drugs and proper ways to train. They also had athletic trainers, coaches and PE teachers. Folks, that's the same language we call these professions today. We have PE teachers, coaches, trainers, intellects, all right, this is where these things started to come to life, and we still use these today. Every sports team that you see in the professional ranks, they have their own sports medicine team. They have doctors. They have trainers. They have coaches, etc., This is where it got its start. They were no different than us, folks, when it comes to diet and exercise. They held this in high regard. These two components were critical if you wanted to be successful at the Olympics every four years. They loved dancing and they found dancing as a critical component of training. Unfortunately now, we always think in our society, aww dancing is for girls, that's for females. Ok? No, that the case at this time. Dancing was really, really held in high regard. And you'll see in our dance slides, how important this is. It is a huge component of their lives. They found that using balls to train was another effective way. This, folks, was the first start of medicine ball training, and plyrometrics that we use today in sports and that for some of you may ring a bell when we talk about that language. They had fad diets too. Just like we do. We have the Atkins diet. Remember when we got that no-carb diet; we would die without carbs wouldn't we? We've got to have carbs. They had the same fad diets. Folks, this is where the Mediterranean diet started. How many of you know anything about the Mediterranean diet nowadays? It's voted as one of the most healthy ways to eat. In this time, they ate a lot of bread, lot of fruit, a lot of vegetables, a lot of dried figs, etc., but they found that some of these wicked foods, you didn't want to eat right before you trained. For example, you wouldn't want to eat a lot of bread right before the Olympic event. You wouldn't want to eat a lot of bread if you were really training hard because it would bloat you. But what they discovered is diets that were rich in red meat, because what does meat have? It's good for training and building muscles. Folks, protein. And this is the start of their understanding of the value of protein in the diet, and now today we know, I mean, look at the supplement business. $16 billion a year. That's all protein supplementation. So this is where it got its start. Meat was very valuable to them. I mean, if they are like Milo, they could eat a whole cow in one day. Can you imagine that? Now you are probably guessing, oh, these folks had to be on some drugs like our athletes today. You know we got steroids, growth hormones, and all kinds of jazzy stuff that these scientists whip up in the lab. But folks, let me be honest with you. These athletes didn't use drugs like that in these days. In fact, they had other dangers to worry about. For example, there are a lot of people that would get killed by javelin and discuses when they were at the events. People would through the javelin out so they wouldn't be watching it would stab them and kill them at the events, it wasn't uncommon to see people die at the Olympics by being struck by a javelin or a discus. In this time, you saw a lot of food poisoning as well, specifically with water, when they were drinking water and so forth, they would get food poisoning. How many of you have had food poisoning in here. It's not fun, at all. They experienced these things as well. The sunshine was also a very hazardous situation for them, because once again, they are training in the nude, they are getting sun burnt, it is torturing their skin, what do they do to eliminate that issue so that they can keep training? And last but not least, like any human, they had to develop and deal with injuries, too. So there are experiencing the same things our athletes do today, as well. Ladies, unfortunately, this is probably the slide you don't want to see, but it's true. There were no events for the women in the Olympics. When the Olympics were held at Olympia, no women could participate in any of the events. However, in equestrian events like the chariot races, and so forth, the typical winner was the owner of the horses. And this could be a woman. So they do have a little bit of connection, but they could not compete. However, in another section similar to the Olympics, it's called the Heraia games, this was in honor of Zeus's wife, Herai, you did see teenage girls compete in footraces, but this was separate from the Olympics, folks, this was not an Olympic event. It was another event, or another venue that was held. They were allowed to compete there. But no women were allowed to compete at all in any of the Olympic events. Married women, sorry, were banned as participants or spectators in the Olympic games. If you were caught going into the Olympics as a married woman, you were thrown off of the mountain. Or a cliff, and you were killed. Now, is this true or not, well, scholars have their opinions about that. There was an exception. Priestess Demeter who was the goddess of harvest, she was allowed to go in. Also, why do you think they would let unmarried women go to the Olympics? Because they were hoping that the athletes would find their mate. And that's why they were allowed into the event, because the athletes as well were looking for partners to marry, well, unmarried women would be the perfect scenario for that. So they were allowed in to the Olympics. Kind of weird, don't you think? But that' s who it was, that is the rules that they had. All right, now we are going to bring some of the students out and they are going to demonstrate some of these events. The first one, and they are going to get set up here, because as you know, remember, the track was not circular shaped at this time, it was straight. And what they had was at the end of each part of the stadium, where, or what they called the stadium, were, poles in the ground. And you can imagine, when they are racing in the stade, all of these people have got to get around just these one little poles at the end. So you can imagine there was some cheating going on at this time, and there was, just like today, they are jockeying for position. So, it wasn't uncommon when you say them race, to be pushing and shoving at the end, to try to get around, because they want to win the race. So, as you can see, they are still running in a circle similar to what we do today, but it's not in the oval shape like we know a track and field to be. Thank you folks. [Applause] As we talked before, when you hear the word stade, or a stadiun, its roughly 192 meters or about 200 meters. You see it differently called in the literature. There was a double stadiun, which is 400 meters, and folks those are the same events we have nowadays, today. Those are the same events. We have like a 200-meter dash, a 400-meter dash, they also had distance races like we do as well. Once again, the races were all done naked, or in body armor as well. Depending on the event. The surface was not a racetrack like we have over here at the stadium, or at a high school. It was just a sand surface, and they didn't have fancy lines like we have on the floors, or on track meets, or at track meets nowadays, they just took their fingers and drew starting lines and finish lines in the sand. And that's how they knew where the start and finish lines were. Very difficult to run around a pole, when there are several of you trying to get around that at one time. Then Pentathlon, which all of us will recognize, that is still, we do that today, it's a five-event challenge. And the typical events there are the discus, long jump, javelin, a running event, and wrestling. Nowadays when people are in the pentathlon, it's all based off of points, but we are not really sure how they decided who the winners were at that time. It's still unclear in the literature. We are going to have some students now demonstrate some of these events, so we can talk about them a little bit. First being the discus. Some of you may have done discus in high school, college, etc. Not a lot as changed from then to now, other than this only thing, when they would do their spin, they would only spin in a quarter turn, or a half turn. Nowadays, you see our athletes they will spin completely around, and then throw. That's only the real big difference, like Dan is demonstrating. The discus back then, was made of stone, metal, etc., and it wasn't perfectly circular shaped like our discuses are today. That’s probably the reason why it didn't go very far. As you look right now, the current record for men in the discus is about 74 meters. The longest throw back then, was only 30, a lot of it had to do with just our understanding of anatomy and physiology nowadays, and the discus flies better than it did in those times. It wasn't the perfect shape, it was very jagged. Long jump. This is cool. And these folks are going to demonstrate this, because this is different. In these times, these athletes used what is called halteres in their hands and they are kind of like, they are kind of shaped like a receiver of an old telephone, remember that you would talk into? Some of us older cats in here will remember those. The athletes would hold these halteres in their hands, and as they would come to the pit to jump, they would thrust their arms forward, hoping that that would make them go farther into the sand for a longer score. However, without our exercise physiologists and our scientists today that have tested that, they have found that that would have been untrue. These weights would have actually hindered their performance. They were dead set on believing that these halteres held in the hands would help them go farther. Thanks, folks. The javelin. Not much has changed here, other than the fact that not a lot of people die at this event nowadays, like they did in the past. But typically the javelin was a great opportunity to show warfare tactics. The javelin was roughly about the length of a man's height typically. It was typically made of wood, and usually where the athlete held the javelin there was kind of like a leather loop and that was said to have helped them with their accuracy and distance. They put their hand in this loop, and then they would project the javelin out, hoping it would go as far as they can. Thanks. Ok, wrestling. You are going to love this demonstration, that's for sure. Lauren is going to demonstrate and as we know, there were no women involved in this, but I just want to see Lauren beat up Johnson, really. There were two forms of wrestling. Upright and ground. The upright never took off, folks. We are not even going to talk about it. But ground wrestling, as we know it today, is what they did. But folks, this was way more brutal. You couldn't bite, and you couldn't do anything real drastic, like you couldn't gouge them in the eyes, and the nose, and the mouth, but you could punch, you could punch them in the stomach, you could do all types of things, and it was pretty aggressive. So as you see here, you've got Lauren punching Johnson in the face, now she almost beat him there, very violent. Very violent event. Thank you folks. [Applause] Lauren they are cheering for you, because you just whipped him. Now here's a neat one, it's called the pankration. This is an event, we don't have this. The closest thing we have nowadays would be mixed martial arts, MMA fighting. This was boxing and wrestling both. But folks, I'll be honest with you. The boxing didn't last very long in this. It went immediately to the ground. This one was ten times more brutal than boxing. Or wrestling by themselves. You couldn't gouge, you couldn't do anything to the mouth, or nose, etc., but everything else was legal. And as you see here, [unclear dialogue] and it wasn't uncommon that the winner would be determined by death. So, they could actually kill somebody and that would decide the winner. And it happened. Thank you folks. Chariot races. They also had chariot races at the time, with different horses. For example, they would use what is called a colt, or they would use a mare, which is a female horse, they would use a stallion, and depending on the event, that was the type of horse that they used. But folks, here's the big difference. The person that owned the horses was declared the winner, not the jockey. The jockey got nothing out of the deal. It was the owners, the wealthy people of the horses that received all the attention. Kind of interesting. They, too, had very similar concepts when it came to the Olympic flame and the Olympic torch. Of course, they didn't have the super-attractive hot guy on the right at the time. But they too, lit the torch in the city, before the event, and the carried the torch and lit it to symbolize the start. So, much, almost identical to the same way we do it today. Just minus the super hot guys or Muhammad Ali carrying the torch. We are just about done folks, any questions about Ancient Greek Sports? [Applause] Pretty similar to what we do today. So where Olympics have changed a little bit and a lot of stuff is still rooted in this ancient tradition. >> Dr. Wahby: You said the winner would be decided by death. So the dead man would be the winner, or what? >> Dr. Ronspies: The dead man would be the loser. The dead man would be the loser. And it wasn't uncommon to see somebody in the pankration, be killed, because the event as so violent. Really, basically the only thing you couldn't do, you couldn't gouge in the mouth, you couldn't gouge their nose, or their eyes with your fingers. Everything else was legal. So, as you can see, it was very, very violent. Very Violent. >> Dr. Wahby: [Unclear dialogue] >> Dr. Ronspies: No, no. Yep, once you are done, you are done. You are done. Absolutely. Very violent. Extremely violent. I would categorize it similar to that MMA stuff that is popular, mixed martial arts, it's pretty violent nowadays, too, so, it's hasn't changed a whole lot. Ok. We are just about ready for our dancing episode here; we've got about three or four more slides is all. Folks, dance is extremely valued in this culture. It was a part of their education. It was a part of their religion. It was a part of any kind of therapy or communal life. Dance was held in high regard in this culture. Dancers typically amateurs there were men and women dancers that you never, ever, ever, hardly ever saw men and women dance together. They always danced separately. Most of their dances were done in circular formations, line formations, and like I said, typically the dancing was typically a symbolism of warfare, it could be done at funerals, much, weddings, so forth, so their reasons for dancing were pretty similar to ours, as well. They danced whenever they could. They danced whenever they could. They are at a wedding, they were harvesting, of course now, after the drought this year, I suppose our farmers didn't dance too much. Everybody was just tickled to be done. They danced at funerals, war was a huge time for dance, and they danced for social gatherings, just like we do. We have a wedding, and everybody gets out there, half-toasted doing the chicken dance, and we know what to do, very similar. Lots of wine drinking at these events for these folks too. Hey, they like to have fun too, and move around. Just like we do. Like we said, dancing was a critical part of their education as well. These two types of dances I won't delay for them, but the Apollonian dance and the Dionysian dance. These two different dances were the start of Greek theatre and tragedy. This is where this came about. So any of you that studied Greek theatre and Greek tragedy, these are the two dances that prompted that phenomenon that they placed in their theatre. As you see, the Apollonian dance lots of guitars, [unclear dialogue] religious dance, it's not too wild and crazy, but you get down to that Dionysian dance, lots of frantic movement, frantic undisciplined almost had kind of a crazy look. Like I said, this was the start of Greek theatre and tragedy. These two types of dances were very important to them. War dances again, there were as many as 18 different war dances, and they honestly folks, all they did was mimicked war movement. They would jump over logs, they would jump over dead bodies, they would throw their spears in the air, like the javelin event we just demonstrated, and they would show attacking an enemy. This was the chance for them to show their strength and superiority. And here are some different types of dances. They names aren't necessarily important to remember, but if you just look at the dances, they mimic exactly what they would do in a war. Ok, jumping over things, leaping over things, getting in a foreign nation with shields for fighting, shifting movements that relate to combat, so as you can see, dance was an integral part of every part of their cultures, education, religion, etc., much like the Egyptians that we saw last year. Any questions about the dance, ancient Greek dance? I hope you've got your dancing shoes on, pretty soon, because you are going to get a chance to come dance with the resident experts that we have here. I like when there is no questions. That must mean that I am doing really good, or you are just deathly bored. Ok, I told you I'd try my best. The dance we are going to show tonight is the Miser Lou. The Miser Lou is a very popular Greek dance. Folks, I told you it's not just all about 776 BC, we still see the Miser Lou today. Look at that stuff. I bet you a lot of you recognize those things. [Unclear dialogue] the surfer guitars, he uses a version of it in Pulp Fiction, it's in the Space Jam Movie, oh, Black Eyed Peas, that's kind of cool and that song [unclear dialogue]. It's in video games like Guitar Hero, Kitchen Nightmares, that would be how I cook, Madmen has a piece, oh that's kind of cool, I never knew that, that's pretty cool. And we are going to show you a version of it tonight that is going to knock your socks off, too. Dr. Hussey's methods students are going to perform a version of the Miser Lou. It's about a three-minute dance, and then you are going to have the opportunity to come out from the audience and dance as well, while I teach you a line version of the dance, with our resident expert Gina McFarland, here, because I have two left feet. So with that said, I am not the center of attention right now, the students are. So with that said, we are going to get the music started, and I hope you enjoy. That's me with my fish, that's not ancient either, that's real. That's a Greek fish, right? Ok, with just a little bit of technological luck, resident experts are you ready? Here we go. [Music plays and students dance] [Applause] All right, now, we'd like to offer an invitation to everybody to come out and do the Miser Lou dance with us. It's not going to be that version of it; it's going to be in a line formation, the movements are very simple steps. Is there anybody that would like to come out and dance with us? Please come out now. Don't be afraid. Dean Jackman come one down. Don't be nervous. Come on down. Ok, so, basically, does anyone else want to come out? Gina is going to teach us the basic steps, it's not hard to memorize. Gina I'll let you take over, >> Gina: One two, this is three four, just swing around, five six seven, seven you are going to step forward, one two three touch, swing around and go back. We are going to [unclear dialogue] about dance, in sports, and every athlete was made to learn karaoke, [unclear dialogue] one two, three four, swing around five six seven, pivot on eight, step down step forward, right two three touch [unclear dialogue] one two three four right, right, left, >> Dr. Ronspies: You are looking pretty good already, see? Look at them going. >> Gina: Five six seven eight, [unclear dialogue] >> Dr. Ronspies: They are ready for music I think. Ok Here we go, let's give them a round of applause. Let's get them pumped up here. All right. Here we go. Kevin, keep your clothes, on. Ok, here we go, ready? All right, here are our expert residents. All right here we go. [Music plays] [Applause] >> Dr. Ronspies: Ok, you ready? >> Gina: You cannot follow the person next to you, you have to follow the person opposite you. >> Dr. Ronspies: You ready? Ok, here it goes. Good luck. You ready? Music. Here it goes. [Music plays and students dance] [Applause] >> Dr. Ronspies: I've got one final closing comment here, it's just a little one minute video before we end, and some of you may recognize the movie that it comes from, I thought it would be fitting to show it with a little technology luck, it will play. [Video] So, with that in mind, my final thought for you before you go home tonight, I hope that you have learned something new. But folks, in the end, even though we are all different on many levels, we indeed are all just like apples and oranges, but in the end you know what no matter what we come from, no matter what we believe in, we are all the same, and we should all respect each other for that. I think that is an important piece that I want you to take away from this grand finale presentation to close the Greek Symposium presentation. So, with that said, thank you folks.